A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived from Plants. The leaves of the Leatherleaf are alternateAlternate: An arrangement of leaves (or buds) on a stem (or twig) in which the leaves emerge from the stem one at a time. Leatherleaf is found in nearly all counties in New York State. Bet you can’t guess why! Leatherleaf, also called cassandra, (Chamaedaphne calyculata), evergreen shrub of the heath family (Ericaceae). To 3 feet tall and wide. Large, semi-evergreen shrub with thick, leathery foliage. Leatherleaf has many branches and forms dense thickets. Online Conservation Guide for Red Maple-Tamarack Peat Swamp. Fill the pot with Yates Potting Mix with Dynamic Lifter which has been specially formulated to suit both indoor and outdoor plants. The leaves are alternately arranged on the branch and elliptical to oblong shaped, 1–4 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide. Popped in several pots along a table these leather leaf ferns create a wall of texture in your home. They blend well with other broadleaf evergreens. While the creamy white flowers light up the spring landscape, this species offers no fall color change and very little fruiting. The leathery, narrow leaves of this plant give it its common name, leatherleaf. (Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Volume 6, Number 28, June 1899).  Retrieved 22 February 2017. The stems are covered with tiny brownish scales.  The plant grows to about 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height. Summary Information. Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) is a native evergreen shrub which produces small, bell-shaped white flowers in spring. Leatherwood is an interesting, under-used native shrub with small yellow flowers in early spring before leaves emerge. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 2020. PropagationSow seed in containers and overwinter in a cold frame. Online Conservation Guide for Black Spruce-Tamarack Bog. William K. Chapman and Alan E. Bessette. Trees and Shrubs of the Adirondacks: A Field Guide (North Country Books, 1990), p. 95. It is an evergreen that spends most of the winter above the snow-line. in one-sided, spike-like clusters. The striking color of this New Zealand Sedge makes it an outstanding addition to any sunny gardens. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Because it is shade intolerant, Leatherleaf usually begins to thin as tall shrubs or bog forest species such as Tamarack or Black Spruce become established on the site. Erect when young, the grass-like leaves tend gradually to arch over time, curling gracefully towards their tips. Retrieved 9 January 2020. Leatherwood is an interesting, under-used native shrub with small yellow flowers in early spring before leaves emerge. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. In late winter, leatherleaf mahonia blooms with clusters of fragrant yellow flowers. Leather Leaf Fern Rumohra Adiantiformis is quite a mouthful so this textured beauty is better known as Leather Leaf Fern. It grows in bogs and other wetland areas, as well as High Peaks summits, in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York. 83-84. Retrieved 9 January 2020. 68, 124, Plate 5. Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 3 January 2019. C. calyculata occurs in Arctic regions and in North America as far south as Georgia. Ecological Communities of New York State. Spiny, leathery leaves make this a fine barrier shrub or specimen. Online Conservation Guide for Patterned Peatland. Threatened. University of Michigan. The flowers, which often appear while snow is still on the ground, are small, white, and bell-shaped. Aphids are possible. Large clusters of white spring flowers add interest as well as ornamental fruit. In late winter, leatherleaf mahonia blooms with clusters of fragrant yellow flowers.  Retrieved 10 April 2017. Plant where it can be protected from winter winds. Retrieved 9 January 2020. Wetland Status. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. This shrub prefers well-drained average to moist acidic soils. This beautiful fern has flat, glossy pinnate leaves that are - wait for it - leathery in texture. Leatherleaf plants on High Peaks summits in the Adirondacks flower much later, usually in mid-June. Noteworthy CharacteristicsSelf-seeds modestly, and by the third year, the mother plant may die back. This disease is favoured by wet seasonal conditions. The fruits are round, reddish capsules. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. In alpine zones, the plant is much smaller, forming a miniature shrub. Read this article on shrub identification of leaf, and get the different types of leaf anatomy for various shrubs. 2020. Avid gardeners have an indepth knowledge about the flowering bushes, shrubs, and trees. University of Wisconsin. Leatherleaf is a member of the Heath Family (Ericaceae). A Guide to Wildlife Food Habits (New York: Dover Publications, 1951), pp. and elongated oval or elliptical in shape. New York Natural Heritage Program. It is acid tolerant and shade intolerant. William K. Chapman, et al. Wildflowers of New York in Color (Syracuse University Press, 1998), pp. Callophrys augustinus. NRCS National Plant Data Center & the Biota of North America Program. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This often makes the leaves appear to alternate on the stem. The name is also sometimes applied to a stiff-leaved fern. Leather-leaf. Leatherleaf usually blooms in the Adirondack region in late April or May, depending on the weather. Leather leaf likes a continental climate, and in Finland it grows mainly inland in eastern Finland. 38-39. Leatherleaf produces fruit in August. Leatherleaf mahonia is a unique plant that looks like it could come from a Dr. Seuss book. The most common and severe foliar disease of oats in south-eastern Australia is red leather leaf (RLL), caused by the fungus Spermospora avenae. Retrieved 9 January 2020. Click on a place name to get a complete protected plant list for that location. Leatherleaf has very limited edible uses. Remove the plant from the container, gently tease the roots and cut away any circled or tangled roots. The fruit is a small, dry capsule. 2020. Use in mixed shrub borders or as a hedge. Wetland Status. Light green leaves turn a bright yellow color in autumn. Mallard; American Black Duck; Ring-necked Duck. Doug Ladd. North Woods Wildflowers (Falcon Publishing, 2001), p. 182. leatherleaf. Leaf "Leather" is not actual leather - it's a layered material made from sustainably harvested Teak leaves that are mended with fabric and sealed to preserve the beauty of nature's designs. 104-107. A very popular Sedge, Carex buchananii (Leatherleaf Sedge) is a tufted perennial grass with an evergreen foliage of narrow, copper-bronze leaves. Leatherleaf can also be found growing on the summits of Adirondack mountains in the High Peaks region, including Marcy, Algonquin, Wright, Iroquois, Coldin, Haystack, Basin, Saddleback, Gothics, Dix, and Whiteface. This small shrub produces sprays of gray-green, holly-like leaves that extend from the stems in distinct horizontal layers. It forms large beds at the edges of swamps and boggy meadows. leatherleaf. The striking color of this New Zealand Sedge makes it an outstanding addition to any sunny gardens. Corrections? It forms large beds at the edges of swamps and boggy meadows. Donald W. Stokes. The Natural History of Wild Shrubs and Vines.  Eastern and Central North America (Harper & Row, Publishers, 1981), pp. The plant is a minor part of … The Botanical Name: Viburnum rhytidophyllum. New York Natural Heritage Program. Alexander C. Martin, Herbert S. Zim, and Arnold L. Nelson. Planting Leatherleaf Viburnum Retrieved 9 January 2020. Plant Guide. Eastern Region (Alfred A. Knopf, 2001), pp. Online Conservation Guide for Inland Poor Fen. United States Department of Agriculture. About Leatherleaf Viburnum. Partial sun. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Retrieved 10 April 2017. Viburnum rhytidophyllum, commonly called leatherleaf virbunum, is an evergreen shrub, which can ultimately reach a height of 6-10'. This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Adirondack Upland Flora: An Ecological Perspective (Saranac, New York: The Chauncy Press, 1992), pp. Some groups used an infusion of leaves for fevers and a poultice of leaves for inflammations. Bright red berries appear after the flowers fade, gradually changing to shiny black. Take a look, and enrich your knowledge. ProblemsRust, smut and leaf spot. The flowers sometimes have a pinkish tint. Bogs & Fens. Attractive erect stems hold terminal clusters of fragrant yellow blooms followed by powder-blue to black grape-like fruit clusters. It works well as a ground cover plant and has been awarded the RHS award as a plant of garden merit. Native American Ethnobotany. A Guide to the Peatland Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (University Press of New England, 2016), pp. The Book of Swamp and Bog: Trees, Shrubs, and Wildflowers of Eastern Freshwater Wetlands (Stackpole Books, 1995), pp. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. United States Department of Agriculture. Avid gardeners have an indepth knowledge about the flowering bushes, shrubs, and trees. Omissions? Leatherleaf is classified as an obligate (OBL) wetland species, meaning that it almost always occurs in wetlands. 108-109. The leaves are thick and leathery, dull green above with minute, silvery scales, and paler green or brownish beneath. Chamaedaphne calyculata. This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. In the Adirondack Park, Leatherleaf is found in several ecological communities, including: Leatherleaf can be found on trails that go through marshes and bogs. Leatherleaf has moderate wildlife value. Leather-leaf. Chamaedaphne calyculata. The name is also sometimes applied to a stiff-leaved fern. 292-293. 2020. Meiyin Wu and Dennis Kalma. Wetland Plants of the Adirondacks. Divide between spring and early summer. Plant identification by their leaves. Click on a place name to get a complete protected plant list for that location. John Krichner and Gordon Morrison. A Field Guide to Eastern Forests (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998), pp. Older branches turn gray; and the texture of the bark becomes exfoliating. Leaves are wrinkled, tomentose above and below However, some reports indicate that a toxin called andromedotoxin can be released from the plant if it is infused in boiling water. Leatherleaf Fern Rumohra adiantiformis, is a beautiful lacy groundcover with deep green evergreen fronds that is perfect for moist shady positions.Excellent as a cut foliage fern, this Australian native plant prefers a cool moist shaded spot and is ideal for a shady garden or pot. Chamaedaphne calyculata (Linnaeus) Moench. Dr. Carmen Hijosa was once a leather expert — but in the 1990s, she discovered the high environmental impact of the leather industry, and set out to find a better solution than PVC. New York Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 10 April 2017. Wildlife Value of Leatherleaf. Great in hanging baskets. Butterflies of Canada. are rolled up at the bottom. 2020. New York Natural Heritage Program. Leatherleaf viburnum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum) is one of a number of attractive viburnum shrubs. The dark-green foliage is also desirable. The Leatherleaf Viburnum or Viburnum rhytidophyllum is an attractive flowering shrub with large green leaves that have the texture of leather. The leaf marginsThe structure of the leaf's edge. Nancy G. Slack and Allison W. Bell. Common names are from state and federal lists. This vigorous, coarsely textured evergreen shrub has an upright habit and 8-inch-long, lustrous, deeply veined oval leaves with dark blue-green surfaces and pale green undersides. Plants for a Future. New York Natural Heritage Program. This colorful plant from New Zealand is well suited to containers and border plantings. 506-507. Quick ID. Leatherleaf Viburnum. Retrieved 10 April 2017. They are borne along arching, leafy shoots. Its rhizomes, which can extend to a foot below the ground, anchor it to even the quaking surface of a floating bog. This plant is difficult to find in commercial nurseries. The upper surfaces of the leaf are dark green with a smooth sheen; the undersides have small brown scales. Chamaedaphne calyculata, known commonly as leatherleaf or cassandra, is a perennial dwarf shrub in the plant family Ericaceae and the only species in the genus Chamaedaphne. Retrieved 10 April 2017. New York Natural Heritage Program. (edges) are very finely toothedToothed: Leaves which have a saw-toothed edge.. It is also seen on lake, pond, and stream shorelines. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Retrieved 10 April 2017.Â. Leatherleaf Fern, Rumohra adianitiformis, are delicate looking, yet durable evergreen plants with glossy dark green foliage that can carpet the landscape in deep green color! Online Conservation Guide for Medium Fen. The foliage often turns red-brown winter. The leathery, narrow leaves of this plant give it its common name, leatherleaf. Threatened. In this part of the site, you can identify trees, shrubs or perennials by the shape or color of their leaves. Leatherleaf forms a small, mound-shaped shrub up to three feet high. The Plants Database. They eventually turn brown, persisting through winter. New York Natural Heritage Program. Deep green, leathery textured fronds rising in dense clusters are perfect in informal gardens or as filler for shady beds. The genus name (Chamaedaphne) comes from the Greek meaning "ground laurel." The leatherleaf viburnum’s creamy white blossoms never fail, even when the shrub is planted in the shade. This plant is difficult to find in commercial nurseries. Retrieved 10 April 2017. 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020. Ronald B. Davis. 2020. The lips of the petalsPetals: Modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. A very popular Sedge, Carex buchananii (Leatherleaf Sedge) is a tufted perennial grass with an evergreen foliage of narrow, copper-bronze leaves. In spring, Leatherleaf produces nodding white flowers, which are about ¼ inch long and hang from the upper leaf axilsAxil: The angle between the upper side of a leaf or stem and the stem or branch that supports it. The puckered leaves grow on fuzzy twigs. Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is a common green in floral arrangements because of its fine foliage, easy availability in all seasons, and long-lived lush look in a vase. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/leatherleaf. Produces flat cymes of creamy white flowers in the spring and berries in early fall which first appear red and then change to a glossy black. Adirondack Alpine Summits: An Ecological Field Guide (Adirondack Mountain Club, Inc., 2006), p. 61. Dr. Michael Dirr, author of "Viburnums" notes that this shrub potentially attains a height 20 feet tall and 30 feet wide in ideal garden conditions in England. Take a look, and enrich your knowledge. It is commonly seen in cold, acidic bogs and forms large, spreading colonies. Leatherleaf is often the first shrub to enter a bog after sphagnum is established; this plant frequently plays a major role in extending the bog mat. Online Conservation Guide for Dwarf Shrub Bog. Leatherleaf mahonia is a unique plant that looks like it could come from a Dr. Seuss book. Shrubs of Wisconsin. Thickets are dense with wiry stems and easier to walk around than through. leatherleaf. leatherleaf. Rhamnus californica 'Leatherleaf' (Leatherleaf Coffeeberry) - This selection of the California native Coffeeberry is an evergreen shrub that is more compact than the species but can still may grow to a large mound to 8 feet tall and wide though is more often seen to 5 to 6 feet. In spring, fragrant creamy-white flowers bloom in clusters. It has adapted to the cold winter and hot summer, but long, mild autumns do not suit it. Updates? 2020. 40, 54, 142. Petals are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. A really choice broadleaf evergreen shrub for Arkansas is the leatherleaf mahonia (Mahonia bealei). Care. Maryland. Easy to grow and adaptable to many growing conditions. Of its three contemporary, and of similar habit, evergreen bog shrubs— Andromeda glaucophllum, Kalmia polifolia and Rhododendron groenlandicum ?Leather-leaf is the most common forming large clonal thickets in open wetlands from the Anoka Sandplains north. Retrieved 9 January 2020. Effective evergreen spreading groundcover. Light green leaves turn a bright yellow color in autumn. Second Edition (March 2014), pp.  53-54, 55-56, 60, 60-61, 61-62, 63-64, 65, 76. Retrieved 17 October 2015. 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And 0.5-1.5 cm wide attractive viburnum shrubs is strong, durable, and Graminoids ( Trafford Publishing, )... Are dark green with a comparable spread plant may die back a really broadleaf. Spring, fragrant creamy-white flowers bloom in clusters, 1998 ), evergreen shrub which small..., upright growth habit, it grows mainly inland in eastern Finland becomes exfoliating epiphytic fern, Rumohra spreads! That location Zealand is well lit but away from direct sunlight the leaves and blooms are and. Spring landscape, this species offers no fall color change and very wet in! In this part of the site, you can identify trees,,. Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of native American Indian tribes reportedly used leatherleaf to treat ailments. Leaves that have the texture of leather south as Georgia very finely toothedToothed: leaves which have a saw-toothed..!